The following drugs cause acute interstitial nephritis EXCEPT for:
A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugsAnswer E
The diagnosis of AKI secondary to AIN may be suggested by the urinalysis findings of sterile pyuria, white blood cell casts and eosinophiluria (using Hansel stain). The clinical presentation usually involves an abnormal urine sediment (described earlier), fever, a rising serum creatinine along with abnormal urinanalysis. While skin rash is seen in about 25% of cases, eosinophilia and eosinophiluria are present in more than 75% of cases except in AIN secondary to NSAIDs, where fever, rash and eosinophilia are typically absent. Proteinuria with most drugs is usually modest, with less than 0.5–1 g/day, while in the nephrotic range is frequently seen in selected cases on ampicillin, rifampin, ranitidine and interferon.