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Category: Emergency Medicine--->Renal Emergencies
Page: 1

Question 1# Print Question

Which ONE of the following statements is TRUE regarding clinical features that are MOST consistent with the associated underlying cause of acute renal failure (ARF)?

A. Acute renal artery occlusion is usually asymptomatic
B. Arthralgia and rash are uncommon with acute interstitial nephritis
C. Papillary necrosis may present with fever, flank pain and haematuria
D. An autoimmune aetiology rarely presents with fever


Question 2# Print Question

Regarding the causes of ARF, which ONE of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Prerenal causes are responsible for 20% of community-acquired ARF
B. Infection is the most common cause of acute interstitial nephritis
C. Up to 90% of community-acquired cases have a potentially reversible cause
D. Glomerular disease is the most common cause of intrinsic renal failure


Question 3# Print Question

Which ONE of the following statements is TRUE regarding mortality associated with ARF?

A. Mortality has improved over the past few decades due to the introduction of dialysis
B. The most common cause of death associated with ARF is sepsis
C. Mortality rates are higher in older patients compared with those of young adults
D. Mortality rates in children with ARF average 5%


Question 4# Print Question

Medications may precipitate renal failure. Which ONE of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Development of hyperkalemia shortly after initiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy is an indicator of imminent renal failure
B. Volume depletion is a common precipitant of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced ARF but not ACE inhibitor therapy
C. Angiotensin-receptor blockers, unlike ACE inhibitors, do not precipitate renal failure
D. Renal effects of selective cyclooxygenase –2 inhibitors (most new generation NSAIDs) are similar to those of non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors


Question 5# Print Question

Regarding investigations performed in renal failure, which ONE of the following is TRUE?

A. Serum markers of myocardial damage (CK and troponin) are reliable in the diagnosis of myocardial damage in dialysis patients
B. Serum urea can be used as an accurate marker of the clinical syndrome of uraemia
C. Fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa) >1% is suggestive of prerenal causes of ARF
D. The presence of hyaline casts in the urine suggests acute tubular necrosis




Category: Emergency Medicine--->Renal Emergencies
Page: 1 of 5