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Category: Urology--->Urolithiasis
Page: 1

Question 1# Print Question

The following are true of renal calculi in pregnancy, except:

A. Pregnancy is an absolute contraindication to ureteroscopic stone removal
B. Pregnancy is an absolute contraindication to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
C. Stent insertion may be preferred under local anaesthesia
D. Hypercalciuria of pregnancy typically necessitates frequent changes of ureteric stent/percutaneous nephrostomy tubes where conservative management has failed
E. Conservative management results in the spontaneous passage of stones in 60%–80%


Question 2# Print Question

The following are recognised inhibitors of stone formation in the metastable zone except:

A. Tamm-Horsfall protein
B. Citrate
C. Nephrocalcin
D. Uropontin
E. Oxalate


Question 3# Print Question

Urease producing organisms include all of the following, except:

A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Escherichia coli
C. Ureaplasma urealyticum
D. Proteus mirabilis
E. Helicobacter pylori


Question 4# Print Question

The following represent unfavourable characteristics for successful extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy to a lower pole stone except:

A. Infundibulopelvic angle <90 degrees
B. Calcium oxalate dihydrate stone
C. Calcium oxalate monohydrate stone
D. Cystine stones
E. Obesity (skin to stone distance >10 cm)


Question 5# Print Question

The following dietary advice should be given to a first time calcium oxalate stone former with normal serum calcium and a normal 24-hour urine collection except:

A. Maintain a fluid intake of between 2.5–3.0 L/day
B. Aim to pass 2.0–2.5 L/day urine
C. Restrict calcium intake to under 1000 mg/day
D. Avoid excess salt in the diet (max. 3–5 g/day)
E. Limit protein intake to 0.8–1.0 g/kg/day




Category: Urology--->Urolithiasis
Page: 1 of 4