In a therapy group for patients with emotional instability, a 34-year-old lady realizes how her interactions differ signifi cantly in the group compared to her past relationships.
Which of the following processes is described in this scenario?
C. Corrective emotional experience was seen by Alexander as the central part of change secondary to psychotherapy. Processes that take place in a therapy setting give the patient an opportunity to reflect on their past experiences and make necessary behavioural or cognitive and emotional changes to reduce one’s difficulties. Positive identification refers to an unconscious group mechanism in which a person incorporates the characteristics and the qualities of the group. Catharsis refers to the process by which mere expression of ideas and conflicts is accompanied by an emotional response which produces a sense of relief. Group cohesion refers to the sense that the group is working together towards a common goal.
Reference:
Which of the following factors is not considered influential in achieving personal growth and change while undergoing a group therapy?
D. Yalom cited 11 ‘curative’ factors responsible for change in groups. Stability of administration is not one of them. The curative factors include instillation of hope, universality, imparting information (feedback), altruism, corrective recapitulation, socialization techniques, imitative behaviour, interpersonal learning, group cohesiveness, catharsis, and existential factors. Of these, cohesiveness and learning from feedback are valued positively, though other factors may also be important.
In therapeutic dramatization (psychodrama) the term protagonist refers to which of the following?
D. The term protagonist in therapeutic dramatization (psychodrama) refers to the patient. Auxiliary ego refers to an accomplice who acts as a significant person in patient’s life. The director is the therapist who conducts the role playing.
According to Freud’s structural model of mind, which of the following is correctly arranged in order of development?
B. According to Freud, id is the most primitive structure to develop. A baby is more or less born with the pleasure principle id. Soon after birth the child develops a concept of internal self versus external world, coinciding with the development of ego. Superego is largely a by-product of introjected parental values and social discipline. This develops only when a child is able to identify with its same-sex parent. This takes place following successful resolution of the oedipal complex. Interestingly, Freud considered the superego of girls to be weaker than boys as oedipal complex develops in a different trajectory for girls. A girl believes she has been castrated by her mother during development. She develops ‘penis envy’ and loves her father but, realizing she cannot have a penis, she replaces the envy with a wish for a baby. This leads to identification with her mother—but as prominent conflict-related anxiety is not involved, superego that develops at resolution of the Electra complex is weaker compared to boys.
Which of the following psychosexual phases and developmental fears is correctly matched?
D. According to psychodynamic theory, different phases of development are associated with different levels of anxiety. As soon as a child is born, he/she experiences what Klein described as disintegration anxiety, followed by persecutory (destructive) anxiety against the mother with resultant separation anxiety (related to depressive position). Here the fear is one of losing the loved object, that is the mother. In the oedipal phase, the most daunting fear is castration anxiety. When maturing out of the oedipal stage and entering the latent or genital stage, the child learns the experience of guilt secondary to development of superego. Hence development of superego needs resolution of oedipal conflict.
Click to expand