A 62-year-old man is examined in the cardiology clinic. During cardiac auscultation it is noted that the pulmonary component of the second heart sound occurs before the aortic.
Which one of the following is associated with this finding?
Correct Answer B:
Second heart sound (S2):
Left bundle branch block causes a reversed split second heart sound. Atrial septal defects cause fixed splitting of S2.
Heart sounds: S2:
S2 is caused by the closure of the aortic valve (A2) closely followed by that of the pulmonary valve (P2).
Causes of a loud S2:
Causes of a soft S2:
auses of fixed split S2:
Causes of a widely split S2:
Causes of a reversed (paradoxical) split S2 (P2 occurs before A2):
A 45-year-old man presents with fever. On examination he is noted to have a pan-systolic murmur and splinter haemorrhages. He is generally unwell with a blood pressure of 100/60 mmHg and a temperature of 38.8ºC.
What is the most suitable antibiotic therapy until blood culture results are known?
Correct Answer A:
Infective endocarditis: prognosis and management:
Poor prognostic factors:
Mortality according to organism:
Indications for surgery:
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