The following are primary causes of mononeuropathy except:
Osteoarthritis. These can all be associated with mononeuropathies except osteoarthritis.
The following are infectious causes of mononeuropathies except:
Bilharzia. Bilharzia is now known as schistosomiasis. Although this can affect many organs (spleen, liver, bowel, kidney, bladder), it can affect the central nervous system but does not affect the peripheral nervous system.
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies is associated with all, except:
Defect in gene for central nerve axonal transport. It is not associated with a defect in the gene for central nerve axonal transport, but rather a defect in the gene for peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP-22).
The presence of eyelid ptosis and pupillary miosis known as Horner syndrome may be noted in obstetric brachial plexus paralysis, suggesting:
Avulsion of the lower brachial plexus. At birth, the upper extremity may be flail. Two days following birth, the neurologic examination findings are more reliable. With Erb palsy or upper plexopathy, the arm is internally rotated and pronated with no movement at the shoulder or elbow; hand and wrist flexion are noted. With complete brachial plexus paralysis, the entire arm and hand are flail, with no movement. A Horner syndrome (eyelid ptosis and pupillary miosis) may be noted, suggesting avulsion of the lower brachial plexus. Phrenic nerve palsy suggests a very severe avulsion injury, and urgent plication of the diaphragm may be indicated in patients with pulmonary compromise.
The prognostic value of concurrent Horner’s syndrome in infants with total birth palsy was investigated 1. The records of 48 cases with total palsy were reviewed. Poor spontaneous return of motor function of the limb was found for both with and without concurrent Horner’s syndrome. Fisher’s exact test (p=0.02) indicated that the presence of concurrent Horner’s syndrome is a significant prognostic factor for poor spontaneous recovery of the limb.
References:
Amniotic Band syndrome is associated with all except:
Ectodermal necrosis aetiological theory. D is false. One theory is mesenchymal necrosis.
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