Which two of the following anatomic structures of the ear originates from the second (hyoid) pharyngeal arch?
Antitragus and lobule.
References:
1. Brent B. Reconstruction of auricle. In: Plastic surgery. McCarthy JG, Ed. Philadelphia, USA: Saunders Co, 1990: 3: 2094.
The following portion of a histopathological report most likely refers to which pathology?: “A sparse chronic inflammatory infiltrate is seen with small blood vessels arranged perpendicular to the skin surface. Glassy collagen is seen. Immunohistochemistry reveals smooth muscle actin in a tram-track pattern with scattered S-100 positive cells. Desmin is negative.”
Hypertrophic/keloid scar. The glassy collagen of keloids is distinctive, as is the tram-track pattern of positive smooth muscle actin on immunohistochemistry. Hypertrophic scars may also contain scattered S100 protein positive cells representing Langerhans cells and proliferating nerve twigs. Desmin is usually negative. Readers should note that S-100 positivity is found in numerous cell types including nerves and Langerhans cells amongst others. It is not diagnostic of melanoma in isolation.
References: 1. Gnepp DR. Diagnostic surgical pathology of the head and neck, 2nd ed. SaundersElsevier, 2009: 647.
Concerning tumours of the paranasal sinuses:
Nasal polyps have a 2% malignant potential.
The paramedian forehead flap receives its blood supply from:
A and C. The paramedian forehead flap receives blood supply from an extensive plexus of vessels around the medial brow area, which consists of the supratrochlear vessels as well as the angular branch interconnecting both the supraperiosteal and subperiosteal planes.
Raising of the paramedian forehead flap:
Should leave the donor site open and allow healing by secondary intention.
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